Saturday, 10 September 2016

mathematical physics - functional equation in renormalization group theory

In the Renormalization Group Theory, a key step is the derivation of the so called scaling equation, which in general is in the form of a functional equation of the kind:
$$
g(\mu(\lambda)x,\nu(\lambda)y) = \lambda g(x,y)
$$


where x, y are real numbers and $\lambda>0$, moreover $\mu(\lambda=1)=\nu(\lambda=1)=1$.



We can assume g differentiable both on x and y and $\mu(\lambda),\nu(\lambda)$ analytic function of $\lambda$.



The (hopefully unique) solution of the functional equation should correspond to $\mu(\lambda)$ and $\nu(\lambda)$ being of the form of power law with two independent exponents.



Is it necessary to add other conditions on the functions $g,\mu$ and $\nu$ to prove this result and its uniqueness? Or is it possible to weaken the hypotheses?



Edit:




Assuming $\mu(\lambda)$ being an invertible function (this is an additional hypothesis), setting $y=0$ we get
$$
g(\lambda x,0) = \mu^{-1}(\lambda) g(x,0)
$$

It easy to get
$$
g(\lambda_1 \lambda_2 x,0) = \mu^{-1}(\lambda_1)\mu^{-1}(\lambda_2) g(x,0)=
\mu^{-1}(\lambda_1 \lambda_2) g(x,0)
$$

from which follows (at least for differentiable $ \mu^{-1}(\lambda$):

$$ \mu^{-1}(\lambda) = \lambda^s$$ and then $ \mu(\lambda) = \lambda^{\frac{1}{s}}$.



My question is if it is necessary to add an additional hypothesis like that of an invertible $\mu(\lambda)$, if there are alternatives to the invertibility or if is possible to proof the result even under weaker conditions.

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