Thursday, 8 September 2016

number theory - Prove the Mordell's equation x2+41=y3 has no integer solutions



Why does x2+41=y3 have no integer solutions?




I know how to find solutions for some of the Mordell's equations (x2=y3+k)
(using Z[k], and arguments of the sort). Still, I can't find a way to prove this particular equation has no integer solutions.



I know it doesn't because there are lists of solutions for k[100,100], like this one Numbers n such that Mordell's equation y2=x3n has no integral solutions and for what I've seen, the argument one uses to say a given Mordell equation has not solution is based on congruences, like in here.



Still, I can't seem to figure out why the one with 41 (meaning x2=y341) has no solutions. There's a theorem in the Apostol book (p191) that says that such an equation has no solution if k has the form k=(4n1)34m2, with m and n integers such that no prime p1(mod4) divides m. I've tried with this but can't find m and n.



Any ideas?


Answer



write the eqn as X2+72=Y3+8=(Y+2)(Y22Y+4) X has to be even and hence Y is odd. Thus we get (Y22Y+4) is congruent to 1 mod 4. So it has a prime of the form 4k1 with an odd exponent in the prime factorization. X2+72 can have only one prime of the form 4k1 namely 7. So 7|gcd(Y+2,Y22Y+4) but the gcd is a factor 22+2.2+4=12. Hence a contradiction.



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