Wednesday, 2 October 2019

Real and imaginary part of a complex sinusoid y(t)=sin(wt)



I'm trying to understand the plots on this page. It's a book about the Discrete Fourier Transform and it's discussing how a a function x(t)=cos(w0t) or y(t)=sin(w0t) is composed of a positive and a negative frequency component. I get why the spectrum of cos(wt) has two real components and none imaginary. But i don't get why sin(wt) have two imaginary components, as in b) of the following image.




This is the link for the image, from the web mentioned page, that i don't understand



I think i get how x(t)=cos(wt) is the sum of two complex sinusoids of frequencies of opposite signs that results in an zero imaginary part:



x(t)=cos(wt)=ejwt+ejwt2


x(t)=cos(wt)+jsin(wt)+cos(wt)+jsin(wt)2



Since
cos(x)=cos(x)



sin(x)=sin(x)



follows



x(t)=cos(wt)+jsin(wt)+cos(wt)jsin(wt)2



so



Re{ x(t) }=cos(wt)+cos(wt)2=cos(wt)




and



Im{ x(t) }=sin(wt)sin(wt)2=0



That explains why cos(wt) have two real parts on the graph, of same amplitude and "opposite" frequencies.



I will try to to the same with sin(wt):



y(t)=sin(wt)=ejwtejwt2j




Using cos(x)=cos(x)



y(t)=cos(wt)+jsin(wt)(cos(wt)+jsin(wt))2j


y(t)=cos(wt)+jsin(wt)cos(wt)jsin(wt)2j



Re{ y(t) }=cos(wt)cos(wt)2j=0



Im{ y(t) }=sin(wt)sin(wt)2j



I'm not sure how to follow from there. How come an imaginary part contains j? Or maybe j should not be included? But in the case of




Im{ y(t) }=sin(wt)sin(wt)2



Where that j1 went? This looks wrong to me because
jIm{ y(t) }sin(wt)sin(wt)2j



What did I do wrong here? This looks so silly, I'm sorry.


Answer



I think that the answer is less complex than you are making it.
Once you have:

cos(ωt)=ejωt+ej(ω)t2


that shows that there is a '12' magnitude at 'ω' and a '12' magnitude at 'ω', both in the positive real direction.



Taking the same logic:
sin(ωt)=ejωtej(ω)t2j


Multiply both numerator and denominator of the fraction by j2:
sin(ωt)=j12ejωtj12ej(ω)t12×2j2

Where j2=1. This eliminates the denominator and multiplies the numerator by 1:
sin(ωt)=j12ejωt+j12ej(ω)t

This shows that there is a '12j' point at 'ω' and a '(+)12j' point at 'ω'. In this case, both are in the imaginary plane. The one at positive ω has a negative sense, and the one at negative ω has a positive sense.




Does that help?


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