Wednesday, 29 April 2015

calculus - A tricky integral - int10sqrtfrac1(1t2)2frac(n+1)2t2n(1t2n+2)2dt




Evaluate:101(1t2)2(n+1)2t2n(1t2n+2)2dt
where n is any positive integer.




Introduction: This integral came up while studying the distribution of the roots of random polynomials - and I can't crack it. It seems impervious to methods of integration I know. Neither Mathematica nor Wolfram-Alpha could find a closed form, not only for this general integral, but any special case of n>1.




My attempt:




For n=1, the integral is pretty trivial to compute - expanding the integrand gives:
101t42t2+14t2t82t4+1
Which simplifies quite easily to:
101t2+1
The antiderivative of the integrand is tan1t. Evaluating at the limits gives:
101t42t2+14t2t82t4+1=π40=π4
However, this method does not work for n>1, and niether does any method I know of.





Numerical values:
Listed below are the approximate numerical values for this integral. Neither Wolfram Alpha nor the Inverse Symbolic calculator were able to find closed forms for these numbers.




n=21.01868
n=31.17241
n=41.28844
n=51.38198

n=61.46049




Any help on this integral would be greatly appreciated. Thank you!


Answer



It appears that the integral when n=2 can be represented in terms of elliptic integrals:



I(2)=π216(Π(2313)K(13)).




Here the arguments of elliptic functions follow Mathematica conventions: that is,



K(m)=π/20dθ1msin2θ
and
Π(nm)=π/20dθ(1nsin2θ)1msin2θ.



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