Sunday 19 April 2015

elementary number theory - find the last digit - should i use $mod 10$ to show this?



When it is said to find the last digit of a number and the number is given in $a^b$ or $a^{b^c}$ format it is easy to find using either basic congruency or Fermat's little theorem or Euler's phi-function. But in the exam question is of this type $$1!+2!+....+99!$$ and I did it in this way



$1!=1\equiv 1$ $mod$ $10$
$2!=2 \equiv 2$ $mod$ $10$
$3!=6 \equiv 6$ $mod$ $10$
$4!=24 \equiv 4$ $mod$ $10$, and
$n!=n.(n-1).(n-2)....4.3.2.1 \equiv 0$ $mod$ $10$ for $n \geq5$



Hence adding up all the factorials and the remainders we get



$1!+2!+3!+4!+n! \equiv 1+2+6+4 \equiv 13 \equiv 3$ $mod$ $10$




Hence, $$1!+2!+....+99! \equiv 3\mod10$$



My question is should I use $\mod10$ here because no other conditions are given to solve it. The remainder we find that is the digit in unitary place of a number, I think. Any help is appreciated.


Answer



Yes of course even if in this case is very simply as you noticed since



$$1!+2!+....+99!= 1!+2!+3!+4!+10\cdot N = 3 +10\cdot M$$


No comments:

Post a Comment

real analysis - How to find $lim_{hrightarrow 0}frac{sin(ha)}{h}$

How to find $\lim_{h\rightarrow 0}\frac{\sin(ha)}{h}$ without lhopital rule? I know when I use lhopital I easy get $$ \lim_{h\rightarrow 0}...