Sunday, 19 April 2015

elementary number theory - find the last digit - should i use mod10 to show this?



When it is said to find the last digit of a number and the number is given in ab or abc format it is easy to find using either basic congruency or Fermat's little theorem or Euler's phi-function. But in the exam question is of this type 1!+2!+....+99! and I did it in this way



1!=11 mod 10
2!=22 mod 10
3!=66 mod 10
4!=244 mod 10, and
n!=n.(n1).(n2)....4.3.2.10 mod 10 for n5



Hence adding up all the factorials and the remainders we get



1!+2!+3!+4!+n!1+2+6+4133 mod 10




Hence, 1!+2!+....+99! \equiv 3\mod10



My question is should I use \mod10 here because no other conditions are given to solve it. The remainder we find that is the digit in unitary place of a number, I think. Any help is appreciated.


Answer



Yes of course even if in this case is very simply as you noticed since



1!+2!+....+99!= 1!+2!+3!+4!+10\cdot N = 3 +10\cdot M


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