I have to calculate this limit using Riemann sums:
lim
and
\lim _{n\to \infty }\left[\sum _{k=1}^{n-1}\left(1+\frac{k}{n}\right)\sin \left(\frac{k\pi }{n^2}\right)\right]
I've done quite a few of this type of limits, but I haven't yet figured out what function f to use with the Riemann sum for this particular one. Could I have some hints on how to find that function? Thank you.
Answer
Hint. Note that, for x\geq 0
x-\frac{x^3}{6}\leq \sin(x)\leq x.
By using the upper bound, it follows that, as n\to\infty,
\sum _{k=1}^{n-1}\left(1+\frac{k}{n}\right)\sin \left(\frac{k\pi }{n^2}\right)\leq \frac{\pi}{n}\sum _{k=1}^{n-1}\left(1+\frac{k}{n}\right)\left(\frac{k }{n}\right)\to\pi\int_0^1(1+x)xdx=\frac{5\pi}{6}.
Now for the other side, use the lower bound, and consider that
0\leq \sum _{k=1}^{n-1}\left(1+\frac{k}{n}\right)\left(\frac{k\pi }{n^2}\right)^3=\frac{\pi^3}{n^2}\cdot\frac{1}{n}\sum _{k=1}^{n-1}\left(1+\frac{k}{n}\right)\left(\frac{k }{n}\right)^3.
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