For the following problem from Brown and Churchill's Complex Variables, 8ed., section 84
Show that
∫∞0cos(ax)−cos(bx)x2dx=π2(b−a)
where a and b are positive, non-zero constants, by integrating about a suitable indented contour. The contour in question is the upper half of an annulus bisected by the x-axis with an outer radius of R and in inner radius of δ, such that the singularity at x=0 is completely avoided by the integration.
I would expect the evaluation to involve the Cauchy-Goursat theorem to show that the integral about the entire region D which is enclosed by the half-annulus is 0.
However I'm having difficulty constructing the appropriate complex analogue.
For example I know that the function f(x)=1x2 has the complex analogue f(z)=1z2 and that cos(x) can be obtained by extracting the real portion of the exponential function i.e. cos(x)=Re(eix).
What is the appropriate analogue for this function? Can you show that it would work?
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