Wednesday, 16 December 2015

real analysis - Uniform convergence of sequence of functions with infinite roots to a limit with finite roots



Consider a sequence of continuous functions (fn) defined over [0,1] such that, for all n, the set:



An={x[0,1]:fn(x)=0}



is infinite in cardinality. Can (fn) uniformly converge to some continuous limit f which only has finitely many zeroes? What if f only has finitely many crossings, and no other zeroes, and for each fn there are infinitely many crossings (and no other zeroes)?


Answer



For the first question. For n>2 let
$$

f_n(x)=\begin{cases}\dfrac{1/2-1/n-x}{1/2-1/n} &0\le x\le1/2-1/n\\
0 & 1/2-1/n\dfrac{x-1/2-1/n}{1/2-1/n} & 1/2+1/n\le x\le1\end{cases}
$$
Then {x[0,1]:fn(x)=0}=[1/21/n,1/2+1/n] and fn converges uniformly to |2x1|.



For the second, you can use the same type of function changing its value on the interval [1/21/n,1/2+1/n] to
1n(1/21/nx)(x1/21/n)sin1(1/21/nx)(x1/21/n).



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