Monday, 14 December 2015

The sum of the series frac1516+frac1516timesfrac2124+frac1516timesfrac2124timesfrac2732+dots





Suppose S=1516+1516×2124+1516×2124×2732+
Does it converge? If so find the sum.



What I attempted:- On inspection of the successive terms, it easy to deduce that the nth term of the series is tn=(34)n5.7.9.(2n+3)4.6.8.(2n+2)



Thus tn+1tn=34×2n+52n+4. As n this ratio tends to 34<1. Hence by Ratio test it turns out to be convergent.




A similar type of question has already been asked here. One of the commenters has provided a nice method to evaluate the sum of such series using recurrence relation and finally using the asymptotic form of Catalan Number.



To proceed exactly in the similar way, I wrote tn as follows:-
t_n=\frac{1}{3} \left(\frac{3}{8}\right)^n \quad\frac{1.3.5.7.9.\dots \dots (2n+3)}{(n+1)!}=\frac{1}{3} \left(\frac{3}{8}\right)^n \frac{n+2}{2^{n+2}} \binom{2n+4}{n+2}\approx \left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^{n-1}\frac{\sqrt{n+2}}{\sqrt{\pi}} \quad (\mbox{For large $n$}).



I have used the recurrence relation S_n=S_{n-1}+T_n, along with the initial condition S_1=\frac{15}{16}, in order to get a solution like this S_n=7.5+\frac{T_n^2}{T_n-T_{n-1}}.



I am getting trouble in evaluating the limit of the second term as n \to \infty.



I haven't cross checked all the steps. Hope I would be pointed in case of any mistake.



Answer



Let
f(x)=\sum_{n=1}^\infty t_nx^n=\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{5\times7\times\cdots \times(2n+3)}{4\times6\times\cdots \times(2n+2)}x^n.
Then
t_n=\frac23\frac1{(n+1)!}\left(\frac32\right)\left(\frac52\right)\cdots \left(\frac{2n+3}2\right)=\frac23u_{n+1}
where
u_n=\frac{(3/2)(5/2)\cdots((2n+1)/2)}{n!}.

Then, for |x|<1,
\sum_{n=0}^\infty u_nx^n=\frac1{(1-x)^{3/2}}
by the binomial theorem.
Then
f(x)=\frac23\sum_{n=1}^\infty u_{n+1}x^n=\frac23\sum_{n=2}^\infty u_nx^{n-1}=\frac2{3x}\left(\frac1{(1-x)^{3/2}}-1-\frac{3x}2\right)
Now insert x=3/4.


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