I'm a little new to complex analysis, so bear with me:
First, I defined a function f(x)=sin(x−1x)x+1x, so that I could define a new function f(z)=ei(z−1z)z+1z, which I then simplified to be f(z)=zei(z−1z)z2+1
Second, I defined a contour C that contains the interval [−R,−ϵ], the contour γ which a a semicircle with radius ϵ centered at the origin, the interval [ϵ,R], and the semicircular contour Γ with radius R centered at the origin. I want to take the limit as R→∞ and ϵ→0
Thus,
∫Cf(z)dz=∫−ϵ−Rf(z)dz+∫γf(z)dz+∫Rϵf(z)dz+∫Γf(z)dz
For the leftmost integral, I can simply use the residue theorem, as C is a closed contour with a simple pole at i. Thus,
∫Cf(z)dz=2πiRes(f,i)
=2πi12e2=πie2
Next, looking at the first and third integrals on the right,
substitute z=−u and dz=−du into the first integral, so then
∫−ϵ−Rf(z)dz+∫Rϵf(z)dz
∫Rϵ−uei(1u−u)u2+1du+∫Rϵzei(z−1z)z2+1dz
which can then be combined to get
∫Rϵz(ei(z−1z)−e−i(z−1z))z2+1dz
Next, multiplying by 2i2i, we get
2i∫Rϵzsin(z−1z)z2+1dz
And then, letting R→∞ and ϵ→0 we get
2i∫∞0zsin(z−1z)z2+1dz
Also, since this integral is only on the real line, we can exchange the z for an x, and also simplify it so that it looks like the original
2i∫∞0sin(x−1x)x+1xdx
which then leaves us with
πie2=2i∫∞0sin(x−1x)x+1xdx+∫γf(z)dz+∫Γf(z)dz
The problem is that I'm not quite sure how to deal with the other two integrals in the equation. I pretty sure that the integral over Γ tends toward 0 just by using the M-L inequality, but I'm not so sure about how to evaluate the integral over γ
Answer
for the contour Γ we parametrize: η:[0,1]→C:t↦Retiπ. Then ∫Γf(z) dz=∫10exp(i(Retiπ−e−tiπ/R))Retiπ+e−tiπ/R⋅iπRetiπ dzNow for the enumerator we have exp(i(Retiπ−e−tiπ/R))=exp(iRcos(tπ))⋅exp(−Rsin(tπ))⋅exp(−icos(−tπ)/R)⋅exp(sin(−tπ)/R).The second term hast is the important one. The ones with purely imaginary argument in the exp are of absolute value one. The last one tends to 1 for R→∞ and as −Rsin(tπ) tends to −∞ (because on [0,π] we have sin≥0) the second term goes to zero exponentially, overweighing the R which we have from the derivative.
The denominator is bounded by 2R hence we get that the limit of the integral is zero. The contour γ can be handled the same way, the trick again is writing exp(eit)=exp(icos(t)−sin(t)).
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