Wednesday, 14 December 2016

calculus - intiinftynftyfracsin(xfrac1x)x+frac1xdx via complex analysis



I'm a little new to complex analysis, so bear with me:



First, I defined a function f(x)=sin(x1x)x+1x, so that I could define a new function f(z)=ei(z1z)z+1z, which I then simplified to be f(z)=zei(z1z)z2+1



Second, I defined a contour C that contains the interval [R,ϵ], the contour γ which a a semicircle with radius ϵ centered at the origin, the interval [ϵ,R], and the semicircular contour Γ with radius R centered at the origin. I want to take the limit as R and ϵ0




Thus,
Cf(z)dz=ϵRf(z)dz+γf(z)dz+Rϵf(z)dz+Γf(z)dz



For the leftmost integral, I can simply use the residue theorem, as C is a closed contour with a simple pole at i. Thus,
Cf(z)dz=2πiRes(f,i)
=2πi12e2=πie2
Next, looking at the first and third integrals on the right,
substitute z=u and dz=du into the first integral, so then
ϵRf(z)dz+Rϵf(z)dz
Rϵuei(1uu)u2+1du+Rϵzei(z1z)z2+1dz

which can then be combined to get
Rϵz(ei(z1z)ei(z1z))z2+1dz
Next, multiplying by 2i2i, we get
2iRϵzsin(z1z)z2+1dz
And then, letting R and ϵ0 we get
2i0zsin(z1z)z2+1dz
Also, since this integral is only on the real line, we can exchange the z for an x, and also simplify it so that it looks like the original
2i0sin(x1x)x+1xdx
which then leaves us with
πie2=2i0sin(x1x)x+1xdx+γf(z)dz+Γf(z)dz

The problem is that I'm not quite sure how to deal with the other two integrals in the equation. I pretty sure that the integral over Γ tends toward 0 just by using the M-L inequality, but I'm not so sure about how to evaluate the integral over γ


Answer



for the contour Γ we parametrize: η:[0,1]C:tRetiπ. Then Γf(z) dz=10exp(i(Retiπetiπ/R))Retiπ+etiπ/RiπRetiπ dzNow for the enumerator we have exp(i(Retiπetiπ/R))=exp(iRcos(tπ))exp(Rsin(tπ))exp(icos(tπ)/R)exp(sin(tπ)/R).The second term hast is the important one. The ones with purely imaginary argument in the exp are of absolute value one. The last one tends to 1 for R and as Rsin(tπ) tends to (because on [0,π] we have sin0) the second term goes to zero exponentially, overweighing the R which we have from the derivative.
The denominator is bounded by 2R hence we get that the limit of the integral is zero. The contour γ can be handled the same way, the trick again is writing exp(eit)=exp(icos(t)sin(t)).


No comments:

Post a Comment

real analysis - How to find limhrightarrow0fracsin(ha)h

How to find lim without lhopital rule? I know when I use lhopital I easy get $$ \lim_{h\rightarrow 0}...