Sunday, 30 July 2017

polynomials - Find all roots of x6+1




I'm studying for my linear algebra exam and I came across this exercise that I can't solve.



Find all roots of polynomial x6+1. Hint: use De Moivre's formula.



I guessed that two roots are i and i, since:



i6=(i2)3=(1)3=1



therefore, i is root and his complex conjugate i has to be root too. However that was just guessing. I have no idea how can I use De Moivre's formula here.




Can you help me solve this?


Answer



Hint: if x6=1, then |x|6=1 and you can write x=cosθ+isinθ.



details:



Then the equation is, thanks to De Moivre theorem and
cos2+sin2=1, equivalent to
\cos 6\theta =-1\\ 6\theta = \pi\mod 2\pi\\ \theta\in \frac \pi 6+\left\{0, \frac\pi 3, \frac{2\pi}3,\pi,\frac{4\pi} 3, \frac{5\pi}3 \right\}.


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