Monday, 18 June 2018

calculus - On the equivalence of two definitions for summations over the integers



If akC, then define
k=ak=Lϵ>0,N,m,n>N|nk=makL|<ϵ



Question: Is it true that




k=ak=Lk=0ak and k=1ak both exist and k=0ak+k=1ak=L




Thoughts:[] Couldn't come up with something useful. Tried to show that both series are Cauchy. Failed.



[] Let
α:=k=0akβ:=k=1ak


Given ϵ>0, there exist N1,N2 such that
|nk=0akα|<ϵ2|mk=1akβ|<ϵ2

whenever n>N1 and m>N2. Hence if N:=max{N1,N2} then
|nk=makL|=|nk=0akα+mk=1akβ||nk=0akα|+|mk=1akβ|<ϵ2+ϵ2=ϵ

whenever m,n>N.


Answer



I assume you meant (adding quantors for m,n):



ϵ>0,N,m>N,n>N|nk=makL|<ϵ.



The [] case is OK. For [], let N(ϵ) denote a suitable N for ϵ in the above condition. If n2>n1>N(ϵ2), then |n2n=n1+1an|=|n2n=n1ann1n=n1an|=|(n2n=n1anL)(n1n=n1anL)|ϵ2+ϵ2=ϵ.




This means n=0an is a Cauchy series. The proof for the negative part being Cauchy is done just the same.



Proving that L is now the sum of the limits of the positive and negative parts works just as in the [] part.



Adding remarks due to comment from OP below:
That argument seems to work as well, but I was literally looking at your prove for []. You start there by defining α and β. In that [] proof that they exist is the assumption, in the [] proof this was proven by them being Cauchy series'. Then you choose ϵ and based on that N1,N2. Then you use L for the one and only time, but it is simply used as L=α+β. So you proved that the L defined that way fits your definition for "sum of series from to ". Since that value is 'obviously' unique if it exists at all, you have now proven (in the [] proof) that the value L (which we assumed existed) must be equal to α+β, which what was left to show.


No comments:

Post a Comment

real analysis - How to find limhrightarrow0fracsin(ha)h

How to find limh0sin(ha)h without lhopital rule? I know when I use lhopital I easy get $$ \lim_{h\rightarrow 0}...