Thursday, 7 June 2018

number theory - Period of the sequence 11,22,33,cdots, considered (mod p)




Show that the sequence 11,22,33,, considered (mod p) is periodic with least period p(p1).





I came across this solution:




https://math.stackexchange.com/a/1894375/697936




The one thing that I am not unable to understand here is :
kkkp1kk.




My claim: If (k,p)=1 then from Fermat's Little Theorem we have kp11(modp) then (k^{p-1})^p \equiv 1 \pmod{p}. And so this k^k k^{(p-1)p} \equiv k^k\pmod{p} holds.




But what happens if (k,p) \neq 1?




Can someone please explain this.
Thanks in advance.


Answer




If (k,p)\neq1 then (k,p)=p and hence k\equiv0\pmod{p}. So
k^kk^{p-1}\equiv0\pmod{p}\qquad\text{ and }\qquad k^k\equiv0\pmod{p}.






Another way to see that k^kk^{p-1}\equiv k^k\pmod{p} is to phrase Fermat's little theorem as
\forall k:\ k^p\equiv k\pmod{p}.
Then multiplying both sides by k^{k-1} yields the desired identity.


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