Sunday, 3 November 2019

sequences and series - Visual proof of sumin=1nftyfrac1n4=fracpi490?



In his gorgeous paper "How to compute 1n2 by solving triangles", Mikael Passare offers this idea for proving n=11n2=π26:




enter image description here



Proof of equality of square and curved areas is based on another picture:



enter image description here



Recapitulation of Passare's proof using formulas is as follows:



n=11n2=n=10enxndx=0log(1ex)dx=π26







There is also another paper dealing with geometric proof of n=11n2=π26, in an entirely different way.






I tried to find a similar way to prove:



n=11n4=π490




but didn't succeed. Maybe you will?





Answer



The first part is similar.
1n4=1n000en(x+y+z)dxdydz


so
n=11n4=000log(1e(x+y+z))dxdydz

Now we're integrating over an octant of R3. Change variables to u=x, v=x+y, w=x+y+z, with dudvdw=dxdydz:

n=11n4=w=0wv=0vu=0log(1ew)dudvdw=0w2log(1ew)2dw

The tricky part is evaluating that integral.


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