Friday, 2 May 2014

probability distributions - Probabilities of errors in three independent transmissions

i have been working through some old exam papers and have gotten stuck on this last one. can anyone help?




When a piece of information (a bit) is transmitted over a communications channel, it may be wrongly communicated. One method of improving reliability is to transmit the same piece of information an odd number of times, and use a majority decoder. The information is taken to be the bit received the most (from the odd number). A simple model for noisy communication is to assume that each transmitted bit is independently corrupted during transmission with the same probability $p$ where $0 < p < 1$. Now consider a two-out-of-three majority decoder.



(a) Let $Y$ be the random variable that counts how many (out of the three bits) are correctly communicated. What are the possible values of $Y$ ?



(b) Find the probability mass function of $Y$ , writing it either in a table or as a list.



(c) For which values of $Y$ will the majority decoder correctly interpret the information sent?



(d) In terms of $p$, what is the probability that a piece of information is correctly communicated? Also write this in terms of $F(y)$.




(e) For what values of $p$ is the majority decoder more reliable than transmitting the message only once?



i am assuming the answer to (a) is $Y=0,1,2,3$ but my answers for the rest are not making sense



Thanks!

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