calculus - Definite integration problem (trig).

I have this definite integral:

$$\int_0^\Pi \cos{x} \sqrt{\cos{x}+1} \, dx$$

For finding the indefinite integral, I have tried substitution, integration by parts, but I'm having trouble solving it.

By parts

$$\int \cos{x} \sqrt{\cos{x}+1} \, dx\ = \sqrt{\cos{x}+1}\sin{x} + \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{\sin^{2}{x}}{\sqrt{\cos{x}+1}} \, dx$$

$f(x) = \sqrt{\cos{x}+1} \\ f'(x) = \frac{1}{2} \frac{-\sin{x}}{\sqrt{\cos{x}+1}} \\ g(x) = \sin{x} \\ g'(x) = \cos{x}$

I don't know how to approach this further because of the $\sin^{2}{x}$.

Substitution

$\cos{x} + 1 = u \\ -\sin{x} \, dx = du$

But I have no use for $sin\,x$.

I believe it has something to do with trig manipulations.

WolframAlpha tells me to substitute, but I don't understand how to get the first u-substituted integral like shown:

I would really appreciate any help on this. Thank you.

Answer

Here is how I would do it: first, let's recall the cosine double-angle identity. $$\cos 2x = \cos^2 x - \sin^2 x = \cos^2 x - (1 - \cos^2 x) = 2\cos^2 x - 1.$$ Thus the corresponding half-angle identity can be written $$\cos x = \sqrt{\frac{1 + \cos 2x}{2}}$$ or equivalently, $$\sqrt{1 + \cos x} = \sqrt{2} \cos \frac{x}{2}, \quad 0 \le x \le \pi.$$ So the integral becomes $$I = \int_{x=0}^\pi \sqrt{2} \cos x \cos \frac{x}{2} \, dx.$$ Now recall the angle addition identity $$\cos(a \pm b) = \cos a \cos b \mp \sin a \sin b,$$ from which we obtain $$\cos (a+b) + \cos (a-b) = 2 \cos a \cos b.$$ Then with $a = x$, $b = x/2$, we easily see the integral is now $$I = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \int_{x=0}^\pi \cos \frac{3x}{2} + \cos \frac{x}{2} \, dx.$$ Now it is a simple matter to integrate each term: $$\begin{align*} I &= \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \left[ \frac{2}{3} \sin \frac{3x}{2} + 2 \sin \frac{x}{2} \right]_{x=0}^\pi \\ &= \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \left( -\frac{2}{3} + 2 \right) = \frac{2\sqrt{2}}{3}. \end{align*}$$