Friday 20 June 2014

Question on a proof of Hilbert's Inequality using Cauchy Schwarz



A simpler version of Hilbert's Inequality states that:
For any real numbers $a_1,a_2\cdots,a_n$ the following inequality holds:
$\sum_{i=1}^n\sum_{j=1}^n\frac{a_ia_j}{i+j}\leq\pi\sum_{i=1}^na_i^2$.



I was reading a proof of this inequality where first they applied Cauchy Schwarz to get $(\sum_{i=1}^n\sum_{j=1}^n\frac{a_ia_j}{i+j})^2\leq(\sum_{i=1}^n\sum_{j=1}^n\frac{\sqrt{i}a_i^2}{\sqrt{j}(i+j)})(\sum_{i=1}^n\sum_{j=1}^n\frac{\sqrt{j}a_j^2}{\sqrt{i}(i+j)})$.



Then they stated that it suffices to prove $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{\sqrt{m}}{(m+n)\sqrt{n}}\leq\pi$ for any positive integer $m$.




Can someone explain why this is true? I tried manipulating the expression in a lot of different ways but couldn't conclude the result above. I'd appreciate any ideas or thoughts.


Answer



You can show that $\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^\infty\,\frac{\sqrt{m}}{(m+n)\sqrt{n}}<\int_0^\infty\,\frac{\sqrt{m}}{(m+x)\sqrt{x}}\,\text{d}x=\Bigg.\Bigg(2\arctan\left(\sqrt{\frac{x}{m}}\right)\Bigg)\Bigg|_{x=0}^{x=\infty}=\pi$.


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