Monday, 16 June 2014

limits - $limlimits_{n rightarrow +infty} frac{ln(1+n+n^3)-3ln(n)}{n(1-cos(1/n^2))}$



I want to solve this limit:



$$\lim_{n \rightarrow +\infty} \frac{\ln(1+n+n^3)-3\ln(n)}{n(1-\cos(1/n^2))}$$



I have proved that $\lim\limits_{n \rightarrow +\infty} \frac{\ln(1+n+n^3)-3\ln(n)}{n} = 0$ and $\lim\limits_{n \rightarrow +\infty} \frac{1}{(1-\cos(1/n^2))}= \infty$ but I have indeterminate form. How can I solve that?


Answer



A long version:
$$\lim_{n \rightarrow +\infty} \frac{\ln(1+n+n^3)-3\ln(n)}{n(1-\cos(1/n^2))}=

\lim_{n \rightarrow +\infty} \frac{\ln(1+n+n^3)-\ln(n^3)}{n\cdot\frac{1}{n^4}\cdot\frac{(1-\cos^2(1/n^2))}{\frac{1}{n^4}}}\cdot(1+\cos(1/n^2))=\\
\lim_{n \rightarrow +\infty} \frac{\ln(1+n+n^3)-\ln(n^3)}{\frac{1}{n^3}\cdot \color{red}{\frac{\sin^2(1/n^2)}{\frac{1}{n^4}}}}\cdot(1+\cos(1/n^2))=\\
2\cdot \lim_{n \rightarrow +\infty} \frac{\ln(1+n+n^3)-\ln(n^3)}{\frac{1}{n^3}}=
2\cdot \lim_{n \rightarrow +\infty} n^3\ln\left(\frac{1+n+n^3}{n^3}\right)=\\
2\cdot \lim_{n \rightarrow +\infty} \ln\left(1+\frac{1+n}{n^3}\right)^{n^3}=\\
2\cdot \lim_{n \rightarrow +\infty} \ln\left(1+\frac{1+n}{n^3}\right)^{\frac{n^3}{n+1}\cdot (n+1)} = \\
2\cdot \lim_{n \rightarrow +\infty} (n+1)\cdot\ln\left(1+\frac{1+n}{n^3}\right)^{\frac{n^3}{n+1}} =
2\cdot \ln{e} \cdot \lim_{n \rightarrow +\infty} (n+1)\rightarrow +\infty$$







On the 2nd line
$$\lim_{n \rightarrow +\infty}\frac{\sin^2(1/n^2)}{\frac{1}{n^4}}=
\lim_{n \rightarrow +\infty}\frac{\sin(1/n^2)}{\frac{1}{n^2}}\cdot \frac{\sin(1/n^2)}{\frac{1}{n^2}}=1$$
from
$$\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{\sin x}{x}=1$$


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