Saturday, 14 June 2014

elementary number theory - How do you generate for a given solution for a linear diophantine equation more solutions




How can I generate for a given solution of a linear diophantine equation all solutions?





For example let 21x+12y+9z=9. I found one solution to be (3+3t,66t,t),tZ. How can I generate more solutions, or how can one be sure to have found all solutions?



I am even more interested in the general case for a linear diophantine equation with n variables, i.e. a1x1+anxn=c. Suppose I have found one solution (x1,xn), how I can find all solutions for this equation?



Addendum: I am familiar with the case n=2.


Answer



Note: if (x,y,z) is a solution in this case, (x+1,y1,z1) is also a solution as: 21=12+9 This allows you to find (4,7,1) and get: (5,8,0)(6,9,1) Noting 4(21)7(12)=0 we can also change signs to get (4,7,1) which gives:(3,6,0)(2,5,1) In some cases, it's as simple as noting a relation among coefficients. As to knowing you've found them all, that likely takes conditions of solution not producing another in a given way.


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