Wednesday, 1 April 2015

real analysis - Injective functions with intermediate-value property are continuous. Better proof?

A function $f: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ is said to have the intermediate-value property if for any $a$, $b$ and $\lambda \in [f(a),f(b)]$ there is $x \in [a,b]$ such that $f(x)=\lambda$.



A function $f$ is injective if $f(x)=f(y) \Rightarrow x=y$.




Now it is the case that every injective function with the intermediate-value property is continuous. I can prove this using the following steps:




  1. An injective function with the intermediate-value property must be monotonic.

  2. A monotonic function possesses left- and right-handed limits at each point.

  3. For a function with the intermediate-value property the left- and right-handed limits at $x$, if they exist, equal $f(x)$.



I am not really happy with this proof. Particularly I don't like having to invoke the intermediate-value property twice.




Can there be a shorter or more elegant proof?

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