Wednesday 23 March 2016

Proving that a sequence is increasing




Problem: A sequence $(a_n)$ is defined recursively as follows, where $0<\alpha\leqslant 2$:
$$
a_1=\alpha,\quad a_{n+1}=\frac{6(1+a_n)}{7+a_n}.
$$
Prove that this sequence is increasing and bounded above by $2$. What is its limit?






Ideas: How should I go about starting this proof? If the value of $a_1$ were given, I could show numerically and by induction that the sequence is increasing. But no exact value of $\alpha$ is given.


Answer




First, $0\leq a_1\leq2$.



Second, $a_{n+1}=\frac{6(1+a_n)}{7+a_n}=6-\frac{36}{7+a_n}$.



So, if $0\leq a_n\leq2$,



$\qquad$then $7\leq 7+a_n\leq 9$,



$\qquad$then $\frac{1}{7}\geq\frac{1}{7+a_n}\geq\frac{1}{9}$,




$\qquad$then $\frac{36}{7}\geq\frac{36}{7+a_n}\geq\frac{36}{9}$,



$\qquad$then $-\frac{36}{7}\leq-\frac{36}{7+a_n}\leq-\frac{36}{9}$,



$\qquad$then $0\leq6-\frac{36}{7}\leq6-\frac{36}{7+a_n}\leq6-\frac{36}{9}=2$,



then $0\leq a_{n+1}\leq2$.



By induction $0\leq a_n\leq2$ for all $n$.




Also $a_{n+1}-a_n=\frac{6(1+a_n)}{7+a_n}-a_n=\frac{6-a_n-a_n^2}{7+a_n}=\frac{(a_n+3)(2-a_n)}{7+a_n}>0$, as long as $0\leq a_n\leq2$.



Therefore $a_{n+1}\geq a_n$.


No comments:

Post a Comment

real analysis - How to find $lim_{hrightarrow 0}frac{sin(ha)}{h}$

How to find $\lim_{h\rightarrow 0}\frac{\sin(ha)}{h}$ without lhopital rule? I know when I use lhopital I easy get $$ \lim_{h\rightarrow 0}...