Problem: A sequence (an) is defined recursively as follows, where 0<α⩽:
a_1=\alpha,\quad a_{n+1}=\frac{6(1+a_n)}{7+a_n}.
Prove that this sequence is increasing and bounded above by 2. What is its limit?
Ideas: How should I go about starting this proof? If the value of a_1 were given, I could show numerically and by induction that the sequence is increasing. But no exact value of \alpha is given.
Answer
First, 0\leq a_1\leq2.
Second, a_{n+1}=\frac{6(1+a_n)}{7+a_n}=6-\frac{36}{7+a_n}.
So, if 0\leq a_n\leq2,
\qquadthen 7\leq 7+a_n\leq 9,
\qquadthen \frac{1}{7}\geq\frac{1}{7+a_n}\geq\frac{1}{9},
\qquadthen \frac{36}{7}\geq\frac{36}{7+a_n}\geq\frac{36}{9},
\qquadthen -\frac{36}{7}\leq-\frac{36}{7+a_n}\leq-\frac{36}{9},
\qquadthen 0\leq6-\frac{36}{7}\leq6-\frac{36}{7+a_n}\leq6-\frac{36}{9}=2,
then 0\leq a_{n+1}\leq2.
By induction 0\leq a_n\leq2 for all n.
Also a_{n+1}-a_n=\frac{6(1+a_n)}{7+a_n}-a_n=\frac{6-a_n-a_n^2}{7+a_n}=\frac{(a_n+3)(2-a_n)}{7+a_n}>0, as long as 0\leq a_n\leq2.
Therefore a_{n+1}\geq a_n.
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