I'm working on a problem concerning the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality from Spivak's calculus 3rd edition. The problem consists of completing three equivalent proofs of the inequality. In one of the proofs the inequality can be deduced from the fact (x21+x22)(y21+y22)=(x1y1+x2y2)2+(x1y2−x2y1)2 for real numbers x1,x2,y1 and y2. Manipulation of this equation together with facts about inequalities leads one to |x1y1+x2y2|≤√x21+x22√y21+y22 . The other proof uses 2xy≤x2+y2 and the substitutions x:=xA√x21+x22 and y:=yA√y21+y22, first for A=1 and then for A=2. Here's where my difficulties arise: when doing the second proof, I can arrive at the inequality, but not for the absolute value of x1y1+x2y2. Can anyone work the second proof and see how the absolute value comes into play?
Thanks
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