Sunday, 6 August 2017

calculus - Convergence of length under uniform convergence of closed curves?




Suppose γ:S1R2 is a finite length closed curve and {γt}t>0 is a set of smooth closed curves with the following property: for all ϵ, we can find a time T such that for every t(0,T), there exists a parametrisation of γt such that
supxS1d(γ(x),γt(x))<ϵ


Then is it true that the length of γt converges to the length of γ as t0? My intuitive interpretation of the property is that γt converges to γ with no 'overlaps' (which may be allowed by a weaker notion of convergence such as Hausdorff convergence), so maybe the lengths do converge.



But then the following idea might be (related to?) a counterexample: take the image of γ to just be a unit circle, and consider γn(x)=sin(nx)/n on [0,2π] with the endpoints identified, so we get some sort of sin graph over the unit circle. Then I think this converges uniformly to the unit circle as n but the lengths don't converge: in fact the length of such a curve is
2π0(1+cos2(nx))dx7.6404



independently of n, according to Wolfram alpha. This is not equal to 2π and hence the lengths don't converge to that of the unit circle. I'm not sure how to translate this into a counterexample for tR>0 rather than integers nN (for which taking the interval [0,2π] always works). Any help would be appreciated!



EDIT: let's suppose γ is a Jordan curve to prevent a degenerate case where γ is a point, for example.


Answer



It is not true. Here is a counterexample: Let γ:[0,2π]R2, γ(x)=(0,0) and γt:[0,2π]R2, γt(x)=t(cos(x/t2), sin(x/t2)). This family of smooth curves does clearly satisfy your conditions (converging in the sup-norm to γ). However, we have



L(γ)=0



but




L(γt)=2π0|γt(x)|dx=2π01tdx=2πt.



Edit:



You can use your own construction to give a counterexample. Namely, let for nN γn be as you defined. Then the you get a counterexample by



τt={γn,t=1/n;γ,else.



Then the limit L(τt) does not converge to L(γ) (it does not converge at all).




If you only want γ be a Jordan curve, then you use my curves above to construct a counterexample. Let γ be a Jordan curve. Then we set
γt:[0,2π]R2, γt(x)=γ(x)+t(cos(x/t2), sin(x/t2))



We have



L(γt)=2π0|γ(x)+γt(x)|dx2π0|γt(x)|dx2π0|γ(x)|dx=2πtL(γ).



Hence, limt0L(γt)=+.


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