Problem: What is the remainder when357+27 is divided by 28 ?
Source: I'm pretty much interested in calculus (you can refer to my previous posts) but I have to prepare for a test where they even put up problems on elementary number theory. I got this problem from a practice set and it stumped me. I looked up for similar questions on the website and most of them include the use of mod. I don't know what it is, and I haven't got time to understand it as I also have to deal with physics and chemistry at the same time. I have solved a very few problems of this kind (mainly divisibility) using mathematical induction and binomial theorem last year.
My try: When you got integral calculus embedded into your mind, how do you approach without using it? I have tried to develop a function:
f(x)=∫(ax+b)dx
=∫axdx+b∫dx
=ax+1x+1+bx+C
put limits ll=0 and lu=57 where ll and lu are lower and upper limits respectively.
But I have tried to solve it for no good. I can't think of a possible way, and my professor is unwilling to help me with it (duh!). I'm stuck. I have to perform better. So can you please give me an approach without using the mod function? All help appreciated!
Answer
You want remainder when 357+27 is divided by 28. Note that 357=(33)19.
3^{57}+27=(3^3)^{19}+27=(28-1)^{19}+27={19\choose0}28^{19}-{19\choose 1}28^{18}\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot\cdot+{19\choose18}28-{19\choose19}+27=28k-1+27=28k+26
When divided by 28, 28k+26 gives 26 as remainder.
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