Wednesday 6 March 2019

real analysis - Show that function is injective and surjective using given condition on $f$

Consider $f$ a continuous function from $\mathbb{R}$ to $\mathbb{R}$




It is given that $$|f(x)-f(y)|\geq \frac{1}{2}|x-y|\tag{1}$$ for all $x,y$ in $\mathbb{R}$



I want to show that $f$ is one-one and onto



My efforts



Injectivity



Suppose $a,b\in \mathbb{R}\text{ and } a\neq b$ such that $f(a)=f(b).$




Then consider the following fraction $\frac{f(b)-f(a)}{b-a}$ which is equal to zero as $f(b)=f(a)$ and $b\neq a$



But that is a contradiction as given condition on $f$ says that $|f(b)-f(a)|\geq \frac{1}{2}|b-a|$ and that would actually show that $0\geq \frac{1}{2}|b-a|$ and right hand side is strictly greater than zero.



Therefore function is one one.



Surjectivity



Let $x_0\in \mathbb{R}$ be any arbitrary point and WLOG assume $x_0\geq 0$.




If I put $y=0$ condition (1) says $f(x)\geq \frac{1}{2}x+f(0)$ if $x\geq 0$ (also using the fact that WLOG that function is increasing).



Take $x=2x_0$,



we have $f(2x_0)\geq x_0 +f(0)$



Take $x=-2x_0$ and then we have $f(-2x_0)\leq x_0-f(0)$



So we have $f(-2x_0)\leq x_0-f(0)\leq x_0\leq x_0+f(0)\leq f(2x_0)$




Now Intermediate Value theorem works like a magic and we are done!!!!



Am I correct?



Edit: If people are confused, why I can assume that function is increasing in surjectivity part, here is the answer A continuous, injective function $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is either strictly increasing or strictly decreasing.

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