How to show √p1 is not in Q[√p2,...,√pn] if p1,...,pn are distinct primes? Intuitively, this is pretty clear, but it makes me very uncomfortable to just believe. Any idea to prove this rigorously? I want this result because I am trying to compute the Galois group of (X2−p1)...(X2−pn). If I know the statement is true, then the Galois group of this polynomial will be direct product of separate Galois group.
Answer
You may also go through the following lines: by quadratic reciprocity and Dirichlet's theorem, there is some uber-huge prime P for which p2,p3,…,pn are quadratic residues, while p1 is not. It follows that the algebraic numbers √p1 and √p2+…+√pn have different degrees over FP (2 and 1, respectively), so they cannot be linearly dependent over Q.
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