Sunday, 16 August 2015

real analysis - Is intlimitsi0nftyfracsinyys+1dy=Gamma(s)sin(fracpis2) for operatornameRe(s)in(1,0) obvious?



This is a part of computation in Titchmash, Theories of Zeta Functions which I do not find obvious but there is no explanation. I did figure out the computation.




0sin(y)ys+1dy=Γ(s)sin(πs2)





Q: There is no explanation in the book for this step. Why is this obvious without explanation? My recipe goes as the following. It suffices to restrict to real axis part with s(1,0) region. Now integral is real valued in this region. Here I need Γ(s)=Γ(s+1)s extension to obtain real valuedness. Consider the integral as the imaginary part of i0eziszs+1dz where I have already rotated axis by i multiplication. Now to obtain Γ function, close contour from (+,0) axis portion and connect to (0,i) portion. Then close the contour by arc. The arc contour contribution is 0 via exponential suppresion. Then apply residue theorem easily as the whole thing is holomorphic by s(1,0) region. Hence equality follows. This is not 12 line naive computation though not hard. However, it did take me a while to figure out.


Answer



I realised this question has been asked before as you can see here. Anyway I will write down my solution here again. First of all consider Ramanuajan's Master Theorem.




Ramanujan's Master Theorem



Let f(x) be an analytic function with a MacLaurin Expansion of the form
f(x)=k=0ϕ(k)k!(x)kthen the Mellin Transform of this function is given by

0xp1f(x)dx=Γ(p)ϕ(p)




In order to use this Theorem we may expand the sine function as a series followed by the substitution y2=t which yields to



I=0ys1sin(y)dy=0ys1n=0(1)ny2n+1(2n+1)!dy=120ys1n=0(1)nn!/(2n+1)!n!(y2)n[2ydy]=120t(s+1)/2n=0n!/(2n+1)!n!(t)ndt




Now we can use Ramanuajan's Master Theorem by setting p=s12 and ϕ(n)=n!(2n+1)!=Γ(n+1)Γ(2(n+1)) and so we get



I=120t(s+1)/2n=0n!/(2n+1)!n!(t)ndt=12Γ(s12)Γ(1+s12)Γ(2(s12+1))=12Γ(s+1)Γ(s+12)Γ(s12)=12Γ(s+1)πsin(πs+12)=12Γ(s+1)πcos(πs2)=πΓ(s+1)sin(πs2)2sin(πs2)cos(πs2)=sin(πs2)πΓ(s+1)sin(π(s+1))=sin(πs2)Γ(s)







For the simplification of the final solution we excessively used Euler's Reflection Formula which is a key property of the Gamma Function. Within line (1) we applied the formula for z=\frac{s+1}2 and within line (2) for z=s+1. The trigonometric reshaping utilized the double-angle formula as well as the periodic property of the sine function.


No comments:

Post a Comment

real analysis - How to find lim_{hrightarrow 0}frac{sin(ha)}{h}

How to find \lim_{h\rightarrow 0}\frac{\sin(ha)}{h} without lhopital rule? I know when I use lhopital I easy get $$ \lim_{h\rightarrow 0}...