The coefficients of the multinomial formula are integers where the numerator is the factorial of a sum of integers and the denominator is the product of the factorials of those same integers.
Suppose instead of taking a product of those factorials in the denominator we took the sum of those factorials. When would that expression be an integer?
Based on some calculations, I suspect, but I cannot prove in general, that if the integers are consecutive forming the sum, then there exists a non-negative integer m depending on the number of integers k in the sum such that if n≥m then the expression is always an integer.
In other words, there exists m depending on k such that for all n≥m the following is always an integer:
(∑n+k−1i=ni)!∑n+k−1i=ni!
For k=1,m=0. For k=2,m=1. Based on some calculations, I conjecture, but I have no proof, for k=3,m=1 and for k=4,m=4.
Is this type of problem familiar to anyone? Perhaps someone has a solution to it or suggestions where I could go for more information.
Answer
In the k=4 case,
(∑n+k−1i=ni)!∑n+k−1i=ni!=(4n+6)!n!(n+2)(n2+5n+5).
For a lot of (likely infinitely many) values of n, n2+5n+5 is a prime larger than 4n+6, and so the expression is not an integer for those n.
(In the k=3 case, we get
(3n+3)!n!(n+2)2
and since 2(n+2)<3n+3, this simplifies to an integer for n≥1. Similarly, with k=2, we have
(2n+1)!n!(n+2)
which again simplifies to an integer for n≥1.)
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