Wednesday, 12 August 2015

elementary number theory - sum of factorials dividing the factorial of the sum



The coefficients of the multinomial formula are integers where the numerator is the factorial of a sum of integers and the denominator is the product of the factorials of those same integers.




Suppose instead of taking a product of those factorials in the denominator we took the sum of those factorials. When would that expression be an integer?



Based on some calculations, I suspect, but I cannot prove in general, that if the integers are consecutive forming the sum, then there exists a non-negative integer m depending on the number of integers k in the sum such that if nm then the expression is always an integer.



In other words, there exists m depending on k such that for all nm the following is always an integer:



(n+k1i=ni)!n+k1i=ni!



For k=1,m=0. For k=2,m=1. Based on some calculations, I conjecture, but I have no proof, for k=3,m=1 and for k=4,m=4.




Is this type of problem familiar to anyone? Perhaps someone has a solution to it or suggestions where I could go for more information.


Answer



In the k=4 case,
(n+k1i=ni)!n+k1i=ni!=(4n+6)!n!(n+2)(n2+5n+5).



For a lot of (likely infinitely many) values of n, n2+5n+5 is a prime larger than 4n+6, and so the expression is not an integer for those n.



(In the k=3 case, we get

(3n+3)!n!(n+2)2
and since 2(n+2)<3n+3, this simplifies to an integer for n1. Similarly, with k=2, we have
(2n+1)!n!(n+2)
which again simplifies to an integer for n1.)


No comments:

Post a Comment

real analysis - How to find limhrightarrow0fracsin(ha)h

How to find lim without lhopital rule? I know when I use lhopital I easy get $$ \lim_{h\rightarrow 0}...