A real-valued function f is defined and differentiable on [a,b] (b−a≥4).
Prove that there exists x0∈(a,b) for which f′(x0)<1+f2(x0)
On the one hand, the statement resembles very much the classical theorem by Lagrange according to which there exists some ε for which f′(ε)(b−a)=f(b)−f(a)
Nevertheless, what we have here is an inequality, which is more tricky.
The limitation (b−a≥4) makes me think that using trigonometry, in this case, might be a good approach, but I have no idea how exactly that could be used.
Thanks in advance for any hints.
Answer
If this is not true we would get
f′(x)1+f2(x)≥1 for all x in [a,b].
Integrating we get
π2−(−π2)>arctan(f(b))−arctan(f(a))≥b−a
That is b−a<π<4, so, if b−a>4 (or even b−a≥π) then there must be some x0∈[a,b] such that
f′(x0)<1+f2(x0).
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