Thursday, 22 August 2013

polynomials - deg(P)=4, then P doesn't have all zeros real if P has 2 complex zeros and 2 real zeros




Let P=a4X4+a3X3+a2X2+a1X+a0R[X] such that P has two complex zeros, x1=a+bi,x2=abi,a,bR and two real zeros, x3=a and x4R.



Prove that P doesn't have all zeros real.




I have tried writing Viete's formulas for P and the reciprocal of P to tie those zeros to the zeros of P, but I didn't manage to solve the problem. I also thought to assume that P has all zeros real and achieve a contradiction, but I couldn't.



Answer



As explained in Olivier Begassat's comment, you can assume P(x)=x(x2+1)(xc) for some cR. Then P(x)=x4cx3+x2cx,P(x)=4x33cx2+2xc=(4x3+2x)c(1+3x2). Since P has odd degree, it has at least one real root λ. We then have
c=4λ3+2λ1+3λ2, and



P(x)=4x3+2x(4λ3+2λ1+3λ2)(1+3x2)=(xλ)Q(x)1+3λ2



where




Q(x)=(12λ2+4)x22λx+(4λ2+2)



The discriminant of Q is (192λ4+156λ2+32)<0, so Q has no real root as wished.


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