A problem I'm currently working on asks to evaluate the following integrals:
∫∞0sin(ax)sinh(x)dx and ∫∞0xcos(ax)sinh(x)dx
I've seen previous questions around here that show how to do the evaluation via contour integration
(Evaluating ∫∞0sin(ax)sinh(x)dx with a rectangular contour and show that ∫∞0xcosaxsinhxdx=π24sech2(aπ2))
but this particular problem requires that I use the following contour:
I tried applying the previous two methods using this contour, but the final answer I end up with keeps ending up as a completely different form and I am unable to prove that the answer I got is exactly the same as the answers using the different methods linked above.
Any help would be greatly appreciated
Answer
For any n∈N+ and a>0 we have ∫+∞0sin(ax)e−nxdx=aa2+n2 by integration by parts or by writing sin(ax) as Imexp(iax). By expanding 1sinhx=2e−x1−e−2x as a geometric series in e−x we get
∫+∞0sin(ax)sinhxdx=2a∑n≥01a2+(2n+1)2.
On the other hand, by applying ddxlog(⋅) to both sides of
cosh(πx2)=∏n≥0(1+x2(2n+1)2)
(Weierstrass product for the hyperbolic cosine function) we get:
π2tanh(πx2)=2x∑n≥01x2+(2n+1)2
so:
∀a∈R,∫+∞0sin(ax)sinhxdx=π2tanh(πa2).
In a similar way, from
∫+∞0xcos(ax)e−nxdx=n2−a2(n2+a2)2
by applying d2dx2log(⋅) to both sides of the previous Weierstrass product we get:
∀a∈R,∫+∞0xcos(ax)sinh(x)dx=π24sech(πa2)2.
You do not really need contour integration, it is already "encoded" in the mentioned Weierstrass product. See also the Herglotz trick.
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