Let q≥1 and p≥0 be integers. Consider a following integral:
I(q,p):=1∫0[log(1−η)]q[log(η)]p1ηdη
Clearly that integral is proportional to the Nielsen generalized polylogarithm at unity.
Now by using Euler's beta function integral it is easy to see that :
I(q,p)=∂p∂θp1∂q∂θq2[(θ1−1)!θ2!(θ1+θ2)!]|θ1=θ2=0
We have computed the derivative with respect to θ2 using the Faa di Bruno's formula then we have set θ2=0 then we differentiated the result p times using Mathematica and finally set θ1=0. As a result we discovered the following relations:
\begin{eqnarray} &&1!\cdot{\mathcal I}^{(q,0)} = - \Psi^{(q)}(1) \\ &&2! \cdot{\mathcal I}^{(q,1)} = - \Psi^{(q+1)}(1) + \sum\limits_{j=1}^{q-1} \binom{q}{j} \Psi^{(j)}(1) \Psi^{(q-j)}(1) \\ &&3! \cdot {\mathcal I}^{(q,2)} = -2 \Psi^{(q+2)}(1) + 3 \cdot 1_{q\ge 2}\cdot\sum\limits_{j=1}^{q-1} \binom{q}{j}\cdot\left[ \Psi^{(j+1)}(1) \Psi^{(q-j)}(1)+\Psi^{(j)}(1) \Psi^{(q+1-j)}(1) \right]+ \\ &&-2 \cdot 1_{q \ge 3}\cdot\sum\limits_{1 \le j < j_1 \le q-1} \binom{q}{j,j_1-j,q-j_1} \Psi^{(j)}(1) \Psi^{(j_1-j)}(1) \Psi^{(q-j_1)}(1)\\ &&4! \cdot {\mathcal I}^{(q,3)} = -6 \Psi^{(q+3)}(1)+\\ &&12 \cdot\sum\limits_{j=1}^{q-1} \binom{q}{j} \left[ \Psi^{(j)}(1) \Psi^{(q-j+2)}(1) + \frac{3}{2} \Psi^{(j+1)}(1) \Psi^{(q-j+1)}(1)+\Psi^{(j+2)}(1) \Psi^{(q-j+0)}(1)\right]+\\ &&-12 \cdot \sum\limits_{1 \le j < j_1 \le q-1} \binom{q}{j,j_1-j,q-j_1} \left[\Psi^{(j)}(1) \Psi^{(j_1-j)}(1) \Psi^{(q-j_1+1)}(1)+\Psi^{(j)}(1) \Psi^{(j_1-j+1)}(1) \Psi^{(q-j_1)}(1)+\Psi^{(j+1)}(1) \Psi^{(j_1-j)}(1) \Psi^{(q-j_1)}(1)\right]+\\ &&6\cdot \sum\limits_{1\le j < j_1 < j_2 \le q-1} \binom{q}{j,j_1-j,j_2-j_1,q-j_2} \Psi^{(j)}(1) \Psi^{(j_1-j)}(1) \Psi^{(j_2-j_1)}(1) \Psi^{(q-j_2)}(1) \end{eqnarray}
where \Psi^{(j)}(1) is the polygamma function at unity.
Now the question would be how do we find the result for p \ge 3? The multitude of terms that appear in the Faa di Bruno formula is difficult to deal with. Is there a more elegant way of arriving at the result?
Answer
We have
\log^q(1-\eta) = q!\sum_{n\geq q}(-1)^q{\,n\, \brack q}\frac{\eta^n}{n!}\tag{1}
hence
\mathcal{I}^{(q,p)}=p!q!\sum_{n\geq q}\frac{(-1)^{p+q}}{n!\,n^{p+1}}{\,n\,\brack q}\tag{2}
and the problem boils down to computing some Euler sums, once the Stirling numbers of the first kind are converted into combinations of generalized harmonic numbers. In this context values of p or q greater than 3 lead to intractable problems by hand: that is a good moment for invoking the help of a CAS, without shame.
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