Tuesday, 17 November 2015

complex analysis - non constant bounded holomorphic function on some open set



this is an exercise I came across in Rudin's "Real and complex analysis" Chapter 16.




Suppose Ω is the complement set of E in C, where E is a compact set with positive Lebesgue measure in the real line.



Does there exist a non-constant bounded holomorphic function on Ω?



Especially, do this for Ω=[1,1].






Some observations:




Suppose there exists such function f, then WLOG, we may assume f has no zeros points in Ω by adding a large enough positive constant, then, Ω is simply-connected implies γfdz=0, for any closed curve γΩ, how to deduce any contradiction?


Answer



Reading Exercise 8 of Chapter 16, I imagine Rudin interrogating the reader.




Let ER be a compact set of positive measure, let Ω=CE, and define f(z)=Edttz. Now answer me!
a) Is f constant?
b) Can f be extended to an entire function?
c) Does zf(z) have a limit at , and if so, what is it?
d) Is f holomorphic in Ω?
e) Is Ref bounded in Ω? (If yes, give a bound)
f) Is Imf bounded in Ω? (If yes, give a bound)
g) What is γf(z)dz if γ is a positively oriented loop around E?
h) Does there exist a nonconstant bounded holomorphic function on Ω?




Part h) appears to come out of the blue, especially since f is not bounded: we found that in part (e). But it is part (f) that's relevant here: Imf is indeed bounded in Ω (Hint: write it as a real integral, notice that the integrand has constant sign, extend the region of integration to R, and evaluate directly). Therefore, f maps Ω to a horizontal strip. It's a standard exercise to map this strip onto a disk by some conformal map g, thus obtaining a bounded function gf.


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