Monday 30 November 2015

number theory - Find all $n in mathbb{Z^+} : phi(n)=4$



I know that there is a similar post, but I m trying a different proof.
Also I will define $P$ be the set of all positive prime numbers.



Question: If $\phi$ is Euler's Phi Fuction, we want to find all $n \in \mathbb{Z^+} : \phi(n)=4$.



Answer: Let $n=p_1^{n_1}\cdot...\cdot p_k^{n_k}\in \mathbb{Z}^+$ be the factorization of $n$ in to primes. Then
$$\phi(n)=p_1^{n_1-1}\cdot ...\cdot p_k^{n_k-1}\cdot(p_1-1)\cdot...\cdot (p_k-1)=4$$




So, $\forall i \in \{1,2,...,k \} \implies p_i-1|4 $ . And from this, we have that



$$p_i-1\in\{1,2,4 \} \implies p_i\in \{2,3,5\} \in P$$
Now, we can see the primes that $n$ containts: $n=2^{n_1}3^{n_2}5^{n_3}, \ n_1,n_2,n_3 \in \mathbb{Z}^+$. So,
$$\phi(2^{n_1}3^{n_2}5^{n_3})=4 \iff \phi(2^{n_1})\phi(3^{n_2})\phi(5^{n_3})=4 \ (*)$$



The possible cases for $n_i$ are:




  • $n_1=1,2,3\implies \phi(2)=1,\phi(2^2)=2, \phi(2^3)=4$ respectively


  • $n_2=1 \implies \phi(3)=2$

  • $n_3=1 \implies \phi(5)=4$



All the posible combinations for the relation $(*)$ are $\phi(5),\ \phi(5)\phi(2),\ \phi(3)\phi(2^2),\ \phi(2^3)$. So, $n \in \{5,10,12,8\}.$



Is this completely right?



Thank you.


Answer




This seems to be completely correct to me.


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