Sunday, 1 December 2019

calculus - Prove intinfty0fracx2cosh2(x2)dx=fracsqrt224sqrtpi zetaleft(frac12right)



Wolfram Alpha evaluates this integral numerically as



0x2cosh2(x2)dx=0.379064



Its value is apparently




224π ζ(12)=0.37906401072




How would you solve this integral?




Obviously, we can make a substitution t=x2



0x2cosh2(x2)dx=120tcosh2(t)dt=0tcosh(2t)+1dt=1220ucosh(u)+1du



We could use geometric series since cosh(u)1, but I don't know how it will help.


Answer



I=122+0udu1+cosh(u)=12+1logv(v+1)2dv=1210logv(1+v)2dv
but since
10vklogvdv=π2(1+k)3/2

by expanding 1(1+v)2 as a Taylor series we get:




I=12n0(1)n(n+1)π2(1+n)3/2=π22η(12)




and the claim follows from the well-known:
η(s)=(121s)ζ(s)
that gives an analytic continuation for the ζ function.


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