Monday, 26 October 2015

calculus - Show this inti0nftyfractln(2sinht)left(3t2+ln2(2sinht)right)2 dt=0



While evaluating the integral

I1=0sinπx dxxk=1(1x3k3),
I came to this integral of elementary function
I2=0dt(it3+ln(2sinht))2.
In fact I2 is real and
I1=2πI2.
These formulas imply the closed form
0tln(2sinh(t))[3t2+ln2(2sinh(t))]2dt=0,
or alternatively
Im0dt(it3+ln(2sinht))2=0.




Brief outline of proof is as follows. Write the infinite product in terms of Gamma functions, apply reflection formula for Gamma function to get rid of sinπx, then use integral representation for Beta function and change the order of integration. Then one can integrate over x to obtain the desired formula.
It seems that this should have a simple proof, but I don't see it.




Q: Can anybody provide a direct proof ?.




Such a direct proof may shed light on possible routes to calculation or simplification of (2).



Here is a numerical demonstration using Mathematica that the integral under consideration is 0 up to at least 100 digits:

enter image description here



The integrand for t>w has been replaced by 116t2, resulting in the term 116w.


Answer



This answer directly proves that:



Im0dt(it3+ln(2sinht))2=0



First, we make a change of variable:




x=e2t



Which transforms the identity to:



Im10dxx(ln(1x)eπi/3lnx)2=0



Finding the imaginary part explicitly, we now need to prove:



10lnxln(1x)12ln2xx(ln2x+ln2(1x)lnxln(1x))2dx=0







Let's introduce a function:




f(x)=f(1x)=ln2x+ln2(1x)lnxln(1x)




As we have a difference of two positive definite functions under the integral, the identity is equivalent to:





10lnxln(1x)xf(x)2dx=1210ln2xxf(x)2dx




Let's denote the integrals J1 and J2. We need to prove that J1=J2.



Using the substitution x1x we can prove the following identities:



J1=10lnxln(1x)(1x)f(x)2dx=1210lnxln(1x)x(1x)f(x)2dx




J2=1210ln2(1x)(1x)f(x)2dx=1410(1x)ln2x+xln2(1x)x(1x)f(x)2dx



Subtracting the two forms of J2 gives us another set of identities:



J3=10ln2xx(1x)f(x)2dx=10ln2(1x)x(1x)f(x)2dx=10ln2x+ln2(1x)xf(x)2dx






From the above follows a relation:




J3J1=101xf(x)dx



Now we use integration by parts with:



u(x)=1f(x),v(x)=lnx



The limits for u(x)v(x) at 0 and 1 are both equal to zero. After simplifications, we can write:



J3J1=10(2x)ln2x(1+x)lnxln(1x)x(1x)f(x)2dx




Making a substitution x1x and adding the two results, we obtain a symmetric form of the integral:



J3J1=1210(2x)ln2x+(1+x)ln2(1x)3lnxln(1x)x(1x)f(x)2dx



From the other identities above, it can be finally seen that:




J3J1=J3+2J23J1





Or immediately:



J1=J2



The proof is finished.






Remark. This doesn't use the other identity shown by FDP in the comments. To me it looks very difficult to prove.


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