While evaluating the integral
I1=∫∞0sinπx dxx∞∏k=1(1−x3k3),
I came to this integral of elementary function
I2=∫∞0dt(it√3+ln(2sinht))2.
In fact I2 is real and
I1=−2πI2.
These formulas imply the closed form
∫∞0tln(2sinh(t))[3t2+ln2(2sinh(t))]2dt=0,
or alternatively
Im∫∞0dt(it√3+ln(2sinht))2=0.
Brief outline of proof is as follows. Write the infinite product in terms of Gamma functions, apply reflection formula for Gamma function to get rid of sinπx, then use integral representation for Beta function and change the order of integration. Then one can integrate over x to obtain the desired formula.
It seems that this should have a simple proof, but I don't see it.
Q: Can anybody provide a direct proof ?.
Such a direct proof may shed light on possible routes to calculation or simplification of (2).
Here is a numerical demonstration using Mathematica that the integral under consideration is 0 up to at least 100 digits:
The integrand for t>w has been replaced by 116t2, resulting in the term 116w.
Answer
This answer directly proves that:
Im∫∞0dt(it√3+ln(2sinht))2=0
First, we make a change of variable:
x=e−2t
Which transforms the identity to:
Im∫10dxx(ln(1−x)−eπi/3lnx)2=0
Finding the imaginary part explicitly, we now need to prove:
∫10lnxln(1−x)−12ln2xx(ln2x+ln2(1−x)−lnxln(1−x))2dx=0
Let's introduce a function:
f(x)=f(1−x)=ln2x+ln2(1−x)−lnxln(1−x)
As we have a difference of two positive definite functions under the integral, the identity is equivalent to:
∫10lnxln(1−x)xf(x)2dx=12∫10ln2xxf(x)2dx
Let's denote the integrals J1 and J2. We need to prove that J1=J2.
Using the substitution x→1−x we can prove the following identities:
J1=∫10lnxln(1−x)(1−x)f(x)2dx=12∫10lnxln(1−x)x(1−x)f(x)2dx
J2=12∫10ln2(1−x)(1−x)f(x)2dx=14∫10(1−x)ln2x+xln2(1−x)x(1−x)f(x)2dx
Subtracting the two forms of J2 gives us another set of identities:
J3=∫10ln2xx(1−x)f(x)2dx=∫10ln2(1−x)x(1−x)f(x)2dx=∫10ln2x+ln2(1−x)xf(x)2dx
From the above follows a relation:
J3−J1=∫101xf(x)dx
Now we use integration by parts with:
u(x)=1f(x),v(x)=lnx
The limits for u(x)v(x) at 0 and 1 are both equal to zero. After simplifications, we can write:
J3−J1=∫10(2−x)ln2x−(1+x)lnxln(1−x)x(1−x)f(x)2dx
Making a substitution x→1−x and adding the two results, we obtain a symmetric form of the integral:
J3−J1=12∫10(2−x)ln2x+(1+x)ln2(1−x)−3lnxln(1−x)x(1−x)f(x)2dx
From the other identities above, it can be finally seen that:
J3−J1=J3+2J2−3J1
Or immediately:
J1=J2
The proof is finished.
Remark. This doesn't use the other identity shown by FDP in the comments. To me it looks very difficult to prove.
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