The following has come up in the course of my research. I'm looking for a function f:Z⋆→R such that
2f(i)−f(i+j)−f(i−j)=λj
for all i≥0 and all j such that 0≤j≤i, where λ is a positive real parameter.
If I let f(k)=−12λk2 then I get 2f(i)−f(i+j)−f(i−j)=λj2, but I haven't been able to guess a function where it evaluates to λj. I have a suspicion that no such function exists, but how can I show this? Alternatively, if there is such a function, what is it?
Answer
We have
2λ=2f(2)−f(0)−f(4)=(2f(1)−f(0)−f(2))+2(2f(2)−f(1)−f(3))+(2f(3)−f(2)−f(4))=λ+2λ+λ
hence necessarily λ=0.
With λ=0, f(n)=an+b is a valid solution.
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