Functional Equation:
Solve for a given function f:R→R, f(x2+f(y))=y+f2(x)
Note: f2(x)=f(x)⋅f(x).
Not sure if the proof is correct (I have made quite a few fake proofs):
My Attempt:
Fix x to show f is surjective, and assume f(y1)=f(y2). Then, sub y=y1 and y=y2 to show f is injective. Therefore, f is bijective.
One may find a k such that f(k)=0. Sub into (∗), giving f(k2+f(y))=y. Now, one may find m such that f(m)=−k2. Sub it in to obtain f(0)=m. Therefore, we have the following simultaneous equation: f(f(0))=−k2and f(k)=0. Set x=y=0, giving f(f(0))=f2(0). So we have f2(0)=−k2. Since the LHS≥0 and RHS≤0, then f2(0)=−k2=0 and thus, f(0)=0.
Now set x=0 to obtain that f(f(y))=y. In other words, f is an involution.
Now set y=0 to obtain f(x2)=f2(x). Thus, f2(−x)=f(x2)=f2(x). Since f is injective, then f(x)≠f(−x). Therefore, f(x)=−f(−x). In other words, f is odd.
Set y=f(x2) in (∗) to obtain that f(2x2)=2f(x2). Set x=1 and y=0 in (∗) to obtain f(1)=1. Set c=x2 to obtain f(2c)=2f(c). Therefore, ∀x>0, f(x)=x is the only solution. Since f is an odd function, I claim that f(x)=x is certainly the only solution.
Edit: new last step
Sub x=f(z) and y=0 in (∗) gives f(z2)=z2 Since f is an odd function, f(x)=x is the only solution.
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