Sunday, 26 March 2017

complex analysis - Proving that sum|j|<n(n|j|)exp(ijlambda)=fracsin2(frac12nlambda)sin2(frac12lambda)




I want to show that |j|<n(n|j|)exp(ijλ)=sin2(12nλ)sin2(12λ).





I know from Proving nk=0cos(kx)=12+sin(2n+12x)2sin(x/2)
(1)n1j=1cos(jλ)=12+sin(2n12λ)2sin(λ2).



and from the Hint in the first answer in How to show that 1tan(x/2)=2j=1sin(jx) in Cesàro way/sense?
(2)ddxn1j=1sin(jλ)=ddλcos(λ2)cos(n+12λ)2sin(λ2)=nsin(n+12λ)sin(λ2)+cos(nλ2)14sin2(λ2).




This is what i did so far:
|j|<n(n|j|)exp(ijλ)=n+2n1j=1(nj)cos(jλ)=n+2nn1j=1cos(jλ)ddλn1j=1sin(jλ)=nsin(2n12λ)sin(λ2)+12+12nsin(n+12λ)sin(λ2)+12cos(nλ2)sin2(λ2).



If this and the proposition is true, it should be true that
nsin(2n12λ)sin(λ2)+12+12nsin(n+12λ)sin(λ2)+12cos(nλ2)sin2(nλ2)=0.



But for n=2, i get
3sin(3λ2)sin(λ2)+12+12cos(λ)sin2λ0.
(checked with Wolframalpha)



So there is probably something wrong with my calculations. But i checked everything twice and don't see my mistake. Do you see it?




EDIT



Trying to prove it as proposed in the second answer.



Let z:=exp(iλ) and p(z):=n1j=0zj.
First i want to show that $p(z)p(z^{-1})=\sum_{|j|

It is
n1j=1zj=p(z)1=1zn1z1.n1j=1zj=p(z1)1=1zn1z11.n1j=1jzj=iddλp(z1)=nzn+(n1)zn1+z1(1z1)2.n1j=1jzj=iddλp(z)=nzn+(n1)zn+1+z(1z)2.
So i have
\begin{align}
\sum_{|j|\end{align}
If i now put in the values from above and substract p(z)p(z1) i should get 0. But Wolfram Alpha doesn't agree, so i am again on the wrong track. What did i wrong?




The last step p(z)p(z1)=(zn/2zn/2)2(z1/2z1/2)2 was easy to show.



EDIT2



I did it now.
It was a lot easier to show directly $p(z)p(z^{-1})=\sum_{|j|

Answer



Letting α=λ2 to make the expressions cleaner, we get:
|j|<n(n|j|)exp(ijλ)=n+2n1j=1(nj)cosjλ=n+2nn1j=1cosjλ2ddλn1j=1sinjλ=nsin(2n1)αsinα+1212nsin(n+1)αsinα12cosnαsin2α.
Note the minus signs in the numerator. I'm not sure if that solves the problem - there might be an error elsewhere. Wolfram Alpha says when n=2 the numerator is sin22α, but n=1 doesn't agree.



The easier way to do this sort of problem is via the comment I gave above, using z=eiλ.



Let p(z)=n1j=0zj. Show that:$$p(z)p(z^{-1})=\sum_{|j|

Now, p(z)=zn1z1, and p(z1)=z(n1)p(z). Now show: p(z)p(z1)=(zn/2zn/2)2(z1/2z1/2)2




Then let z=eiλ.


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