Thursday, 16 March 2017

Indefinite integration problem intfrac11+tan4xdx




The following problem came up in my last examination.




11+tan4xdx




The difficulty I was facing was that I wasn't able to find anything to substitute as there was nothing special in the numerator. So I tried the following approach:




11+tan4xdx=cos4xcos4x+sin4xdx





However this came to no good as it was still useless to substitute sinx as t and get dt=cosxdx



Next I tried substituting tanx as t
t=tanxdt=sec2xdxdx=dt1+t2



giving me




dx(1+t4)(1+t2)





My question then is how do I split these into partial fractions and solve the integral? And, of course, if there is a better way to solve this integral, please suggest one.


Answer



Duplication formulas and the relation 12u2=122(12u12+u) give a good way:



I=cos4tsin4t+cos4tdt=cos4t12sin2tcos2t=(1+cos(2t)2)2112sin2(2t)dt
hence:
I=12(1+cos(2t))21+cos2(2t)dt=t2+cos(2t)2sin2(2t)dt
and:

I=t2+142log2+sin(2t)2sin(2t).


No comments:

Post a Comment

real analysis - How to find limhrightarrow0fracsin(ha)h

How to find lim without lhopital rule? I know when I use lhopital I easy get $$ \lim_{h\rightarrow 0}...