The following problem came up in my last examination.
∫11+tan4xdx
The difficulty I was facing was that I wasn't able to find anything to substitute as there was nothing special in the numerator. So I tried the following approach:
∫11+tan4xdx=∫cos4xcos4x+sin4xdx
However this came to no good as it was still useless to substitute sinx as t and get dt=cosxdx
Next I tried substituting tanx as t
t=tanx⟹dt=sec2xdx⟹dx=dt1+t2
giving me
∫dx(1+t4)(1+t2)
My question then is how do I split these into partial fractions and solve the integral? And, of course, if there is a better way to solve this integral, please suggest one.
Answer
Duplication formulas and the relation 12−u2=12√2(1√2−u−1√2+u) give a good way:
I=∫cos4tsin4t+cos4tdt=∫cos4t1−2sin2tcos2t=∫(1+cos(2t)2)21−12sin2(2t)dt
hence:
I=12∫(1+cos(2t))21+cos2(2t)dt=t2+∫cos(2t)2−sin2(2t)dt
and:
I=t2+14√2log√2+sin(2t)√2−sin(2t).
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