Thursday, 5 November 2015

limits - displaystylemathoplimlimits(x,y,z)to(0,0,0)fracxy2zx2+4y4+9z6





Consider the following limit lim(x,y,z)(0,0,0)xy2zx2+4y4+9z6. If the limit does exist, compute its value; if it doesn't,
give a proof.




I feel that the limit does exist, judging by the exponents of z. So as usual when it comes to showing the existence of a three-variable limit, I tried to convert to spherical coordinates. But that method can't seem to work in this case. So is there any way to evaluate its limit? Or the limit does not exist at all and I'd better try to disprove its existence?
Any help is much appreciated. Thanks!


Answer




This is close to Christian Blatter's answer, but I'll avoid the trig functions and spell out some more details. For any x,y,z, define M to be the maximum of x2, y4, and z6. Notice that M>0 for all (x,y,z)(0,0,0) and that M0 as (x,y,z)(0,0,0).



Consider the denominator x2+4y4+9z6 of the fraction in the problem. One of the three summands here is M, possibly multiplied by 4 or 9, and the other two summands are nonnegative. So the whole denominator is M.



Next consider the numerator, xy2z. By definition of M, we have |x|M1/2, |y|M1/4 (so y2M1/2), and zM1/6. Thus, the absolute value of the numerator is M7/6.



Combining the lower bound on the denominator and the upper bound on the absolute value of the numerator, we get that the whole fraction is bounded in absolute value by M1/6. Since M approaches 0 as (x,y,z)(0,0,0), so does the fraction.


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