Tuesday, 12 July 2016

number theory - limntoinftyleft(sumnk=1kkright)/nn=1?



I'm interested in the following sum Sn.
Sn:=nk=1kk=11+22+33++nn.



Letting Tn:=Sn/nn, wolfram tells us the followings.
T5=1.09216,T101.04051,T301.01263,T601.00622.




Then, here is my expectation.



My expectation:
lim



It seems obvious, so I've tried to prove this, but I'm facing difficulty. Then, here is my question.



Question: Could you show me how to find \lim_{n\to\infty}{T_n} if it exists?


Answer



Let n\ge 3. Look at the top. The sum of the terms up to and including (n-2)^{n-2} is \le (n-2)(n-2)^{n-2}. The next term is (n-1)^{n-1} and the last is of course n^n.




So our ratio is \gt 1 and less than
\frac{(n-2)(n-2)^{n-2}}{n^n} +\frac{(n-1)^{n-1}}{n^n}+1.\tag{1}
The limit of each of the first two terms of (1) is 0. For the first term is less than \dfrac{n\cdot n^{n-2}}{n^n}=\dfrac{1}{n} and the second is also \lt \dfrac{1}{n}.



The result now follows by Squeezing.


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