This most likely has a simple solution, but for some reason I keep getting a complex answer to this real integral. Here's the problem:
Let Sϵ:={x∈R:|x−1|>ϵ}. Compute
limϵ→0+∫Sϵx(x2+4)(x−1)dx
using the residue theorem.
Attempt: I think my best bet is to use the simple contour Γ which is a semi-annulus about z=1 in the upper-half plane of outer radius R and inner radius ϵ. That is, Γ=γ1−γ2+γ3+γ4, where
γ1:t∈[1−R,1−ϵ],γ2:ϵeit,0≤t≤π,γ3:t∈[1+ϵ,1+R],γ4:Reit,0≤t≤π.
Letting f(z):=z(z2+4)(z−1), the residue theorem gives me ∫Γf=2πires2i(f)=12(2i−1) (2i is the only pole in int(Γ) when R is large). Hence I have the identity
12(2i−1)=∫γ1f(z)dz−∫γ2f(z)dz+∫γ3f(z)dz+∫γ4f(z)dz⟹12(2i−1)+∫γ2f(z)dz=∫γ1f(z)dz+∫γ3f(z)dz+∫γ4f(z)dz.
Letting R→∞ yields
12(2i−1)+∫π0iϵ2e2it(ϵ2e2it+4)(ϵeit−1)dt=∫1−ϵ−∞f(t)dt+∫∞1+ϵf(t)dt,
where the integral over γ4
∫π0R2ie2it(R2e2it+4)(Reit−1)dt
went to 0 as R→∞ (needs justification...). I then want to let ϵ→0+ to get
12(2i−1)+0(right?)=limϵ→0+∫Sϵf(t)dt.
The problem with this is that the RHS should be real, while the LHS is not. Where did I go wrong?
Edit: I realized my parametrizations were off a bit. γ2 should be 1+ϵeit and γ4 should be 1+Reit. Yet still, the ϵ-integral still goes to zero it seems.
Answer
I made a silly mistake: the parametrization I used for γ2,γ4 was wrong! I should've shifted by 1. In particular, the ϵ-integral becomes πi/5. I also forgot to multiply the residue I calculated by 2πi. This gives me a real number for an answer.
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