Please show me how to calculate the sum of this infinite series:
∞∑n=1n2qn−1
I should have included the condition ∣q∣<1
And I was able to solve the infinite series of
Sn=∞∑n=1nqn−1=1+2q+3q2+4q3...
The trick is to calculate
qSn=∞∑n=1nqn=q+2q2+3q3+...
And find out that
Sn−qSn=∞∑n=1=1+q+q2+q3+...=∞∑n=1qn=11−q
And thus
Sn=11−q1−q=1(1−q)2
But I was not able to use same trick on the series I want to solve.
P.S. @user17762 has provided a genius way to handle this kind of series and his approach could simplify the calculation of ∑∞n=1nqn−1 too. Just watch the first two steps he used.
Answer
Your series converges only when |q|<1. Here is one possible way to derive the sum of the infinite series, for |q|<1. We have
∞∑n=1qn=q1−q=−1−1q−1
Differentiate this once to get
∞∑n=1nqn−1=ddq(q1−q)=1(q−1)2
Multiplying by q, we get that
∞∑n=1nqn=q(q−1)2=1q−1+1(q−1)2
Differentiate this again, to get
∞∑n=1n2qn−1=−1(q−1)2−2(q−1)3=(1+q)(1−q)3
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