This is the indefinite integral I have to evaluate: $$\int\frac{x^3}{x^2-x-2}dx$$
so by using the long division on polynomials technique, I got to: $$\frac{x^2}{2}+x+\int\frac{3x+2}{x^2-x-2}dx$$
How do I continue from here? I thought of using "integration of rational functions" but it didn't work.
Answer
Specifically, you have that $$\frac{3x+2}{x^2 - x - 2} = \frac{A}{x-2} + \frac{B}{x+1}$$
The usual technique reveals that $A = \frac{8}{3}$ and $B = \frac{1}{3}$
Hence $$ \begin{align}\frac{x^3}{x^2 - x - 2} &= x + 1 + {\color{blue}{\frac{3x+2}{(x-2)(x+1)}}} \\ \\ &= x + 1 + \frac{8}{3(x-2)} + \frac{1}{3(x+1)} \end{align}$$
So that $$\begin{align} \int \frac{x^3}{x^2 - x - 2} \, \mathrm{d}x &= \int x + 1 + {\color{blue}{\frac{3x+2}{x^2 - x - 2}}}
\\ &= \int x + 1 + \frac{8}{3(x-2)} + \frac{1}{3(x+1)} \, \mathrm{d}x \end{align}$$
Hence $$\int \frac{x^3}{x^2 - x - 2} = x + \frac{x^2}{2} + \frac{8}{3}\ln |x-2| + \frac{1}{3} \ln |x+1| + \mathrm{C}$$
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