Friday, 3 March 2017

measure theory - If$mu$ is $sigma$- finite, $epsilon>0$, there exists $Ain mathcal{A}$ such that $mu(A)int f$

Problem



Let $X\mathcal{A},\mu$ be a $\sigma$-finite measure space. Suppose $f$ is non-negative and integrable. Prove that if $\epsilon>0$, there exists $A\in \mathcal{A}$ such that $\mu(A)<\infty$ and $$\epsilon+\int_A f \ d\mu>\int f \ d\mu.$$



Attempt



First, I will prove two propositions.





Proposition 1: If $f$ is non-negative measurable function, then $$\lim_{n\to \infty} \int \min(f,n) \rightarrow \int f$$



Proof: Note that $\min(f,n)$ increases to $f$ so the result follows from the monotone convergence theorem.



Proposition 2: Suppose $\mu$ is $\sigma$-finite and $f$ is integrable. Then given $\epsilon>$, there exists $\delta$ such that $$\int_A |f(x)| \ d\mu < \epsilon,$$ whenever $\mu(A)<\delta$.



Proof: Given $\epsilon>0$, from proposition $1$ we may find $n_0$ such that $\int_A |f(x)| \ d\mu - \int_A \min(|f(x)|,n_0) \ d\mu<\frac{\epsilon}{2}.$ Take $\delta<\frac{\epsilon}{2n_0}$. then:
\begin{align*}
\int_A |f(x)|&=\int_A |f(x)| -\min(|f(x)|,n_0)\ d\mu+\int_A \min(|f(x)|,n_0)\ d\mu \\
&< \frac{\epsilon}{2}+n\mu(A) \\

&<\epsilon,
\end{align*}
as soon as $\mu(A)<\delta$.




Finally we prove the result. $\epsilon>0$, use proposition $2$ to insure that $\int_B f\ d\mu <\epsilon$ whenever $\mu(B)<\delta$. Let $B^c=A$. Then
\begin{align*}
\int f \ f\mu&=\int_A f\ d\mu+\int_B f\ d\mu \\
&<\int_A f \ f\mu+\epsilon,
\end{align*}

as desired.



Concerns



For proposition $2$ as well as for the problem, I did not use $\sigma$-finiteness. I cannot see anything wrong with proposition $2$. However, in my solution to the problem, I have not guaranteed that such sets (i.e $B$ such that $\mu(B)<\delta$) actually exist. Please let me know what I did wrong here.

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