A problem in Putnam Competition 1992(?). The question asked:
Prove that, the only solution of the system of functional equation with respect to f:Z→Z:{f(f(n))=nf(f(n+2)+2)=nf(0)=1
is f(n)=1−n.
I know that the usual way is to construct another solution, and show that the difference between the two solutions is zero. But I want to use equivalence condition this time. (i.e. Prove that the system is equivalent to say that f(n)=1−n).
Now, we have
f(f(n))=f(f(n+2)+2)
Take f on both sides.
f(f(f(n)))=f(f(f(n+2)+2))
Again by the first equation,
f(n)=f(n+2)+2
And another useful thing is that,
f(1)=f(f(0))=0
So, the original system is equivalent to say the recurrent relation
{f(n)=f(n+2)+2f(0)=1f(1)=0
The sequence-like function satisfying above is unique, trivially (as for all integers, we could find an unique image of it). So our proof is actually done already as f(n)=1−n is simply a solution. Q.E.D.
In my proof, I used a lot of equivalence condition. I know that my proof is valid if the conditions are actually equivalent. I think so for myself, but I want peer reviews also. Thanks in advance.
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