I'm having problems with a Riemann sum ... I need to find the integral:$$\int_{-2}^2 (4-x^2)\;dx$$Clearly we have $$\int_{-2}^{2}(4-x^2)\;dx=4x-\frac{x^3}{3}\mid_{-2}^{2}=(4\cdot2-\frac{2^3}{3})-(4\cdot(-2)-\frac{(-2)^3}{3})=\frac{32}{3}$$OK.
On the other hand, we have
$$\Delta x=\frac{b-a}{n}=\frac{4}{n}$$
and
$$\xi_1=-2+\frac{4}{n};\;\;\xi_2=-2+2\frac{4}{n};\;\;\ldots\;\;;\xi_n=-2+n\frac{4}{n}$$
then
$$\xi_i=-2+\frac{4i}{n}=\frac{4i-2n}{n},$$
so that
$$ \begin{align} \int_{-2}^2 {4-x^2}\;dx=&\lim_{n\to+\infty} \sum_{i=1}^n\left(4-\left( \frac{4i-2n}{n}\right)^2\right)\frac{4}{n}\\
=&\lim_{n\to+\infty} \sum_{i=1}^n\left(4-\left( \frac{4i-2n}{n}\right)^2\right)\cdot\frac{4}{n}\\
=&\lim_{n\to+\infty} \sum_{i=1}^n\left(4-\left( \frac{16i^2-16ni+4n^2}{n^2}\right)\right)\cdot\frac{4}{n}\\
=&\lim_{n\to+\infty} \sum_{i=1}^n \left(\frac{4n^2-16i^2+16ni-4n^2}{n^2} \right)\cdot\frac{4}{n}\\
=&\lim_{n\to+\infty} \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{-16i^2+16ni}{n^2}\cdot\frac{4}{n} \\
=&\lim_{n\to+\infty}\sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{-64i^2+64ni}{n^3}\\
=&\lim_{n\to+\infty} \frac{64}{n^3}\left(-\sum_{i=1}^{n} i^2+n\sum_{i=1}^{n} i\right) \\
=&\lim_{n\to+\infty} \frac{64}{n^3} \left(-\frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}+n\cdot \frac{n(n+1)}{2} \right)\\
=&\lim_{n\to+\infty} \frac{64}{n^3} \left(-\frac{\color{#ff0000}{2}n^3+3n^2+n}{6}+\frac{n^3+n^2}{2} \right) \\
=&\lim_{n\to+\infty} \frac{64}{n^3} \left(\frac{-\color{#ff0000}{2}n^3-3n^2-n+3n^3+3n^2}{6}\right)\\
=&\lim_{n\to+\infty}\frac{32}{3} \left(\frac{\color{#ff0000}{1\times}n^3-n}{n^3}\right) \\
=&\lim_{n\to+\infty}\frac{64}{\color{#ff0000}{2\times}3}-\frac{32}{3n^2}=\frac{64}{\color{#ff0000}{2\times}3} \color{#ff0000}{=}\frac{32}{3}=\int_{-2}^{2} {4-x^2}\;dx
\end{align}$$
Where is the mistake?
Answer
The problem is an accidental algebra mistake, as I pointed out in comments: $n(n+1)(2n+1)=2n^3+3n^2+n\neq n^3+3n^2+n$, and this should do it.
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