Thursday, 27 February 2014

complex analysis - De Moivre's Theorem and a related formula?



(cos(θ)+isin(θ))n=cos(nθ)+isin(nθ),nZ



is De Moivre's Theorem. It is useful in calculating integer angle trigonometric identities such as cot(4θ) by taking the real part of (cos(θ)+isin(θ))4 divided by its imaginary part, both parts obtained using binomial expansion.




However, from another post on this site, I've also seen that you can calculate cot(4θ) by taking the real part of (1+itan(θ))4 divided by its imaginary part, likewise both parts obtained using binomial expansion.



So does that mean (1+itan(θ))n=1+itan(nθ)? What's the relation between this formula and De Moivre's theorem?



Does this also mean I can flip the formulae to give me (sin(θ)+icos(θ))4 or (tan(θ)+i)4 and take the imaginary part divided by the real part this time to still get the same answer for cot(4θ)?


Answer



Perhaps this may clarify.



(1+itanθ)4=sec4θ(cosθ+isinθ)4=sec4θ(cos4θ+isin4θ)
where we have used a variant of deMoivre's theorem in the last step. This also means, as the ratio of real to complex parts of the RHS is cot4θ, you can use binomial theorem on the LHS and find the same ratio there to get an equivalent expression.




It does not imply (1+itanθ)4 is the same as 1+itan4θ.


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