Sunday 23 February 2014

How to change the order of summation?

I have stumbled upon, multiple times, on cases where I need to change
the order of summation (usally of finite sums).



One problem I saw was simple
$$
\sum_{i=1}^{\infty}\sum_{j=i}^{\infty}f(i,j)=\sum_{j=1}^{\infty}\sum_{i=1}^{j}f(i,j)
$$



and I can go from the first sum to the second by noting that the

constraints are
$$
1\leq i\leq j<\infty
$$
so the first double sum does not constrain on $i$ and constrains
$j$ to $j\geq i$. The second double summation doesn't put any constrains
on $j$ but constrains $i$ relative to $j$ $(1\leq i\leq j)$.



While this approach works for simple examples such as this. I am having
problems using it where the bounds are more complicated.




The current problem interchanges the following
$$
\sum_{i=1}^{n-1}\sum_{k=2}^{n-i+1}\to\sum_{k=2}^{n}\sum_{i=1}^{n+1-k}
$$



I started by writing
$$
k\leq n-i+1
$$




and got
$$
i\leq n-k+1
$$



but all other bounds are not clear to me..



the problem is that I can't use this technique since I can't write
the inequalities in the same form of

$$
1\leq i\leq f(j)\leq n
$$



where $n$ is some bound (possibly $\infty$).



My question is how to approach the second example by a technique that
should be able to handle similar cases

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